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"Airborne" by Mike Liu
First World War
The 173d Infantry Brigade was constituted on 1917-08-05 as an infantry brigade and organized on 1917-08-25 at Camp Pike, Arkansas, as
an element of the U.S. 87th Infantry Division. The brigade deployed to France in 1918 as part of the Division, but it did not participate in any
named campaigns. Indeed, the brigade - like the rest of the 87th Division - was tasked to perform labor details that were to be performed by
Combat Service and Combat Service Support units in World War II. After its return to the United States, the brigade was demobilized in
January 1919 at Camp Dix, New Jersey.
Interwar period
On 1921-06-24 the unit was reconstituted as Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC), 173d Infantry Brigade, and was assigned to
the Organized Reserve Corps and the 87th Division at Shreveport, Louisiana. It was reorganized in December 1921 at Mobile, Alabama,
redesignated 1925-03-23 as HHC 173d Brigade, and redesignated 1936-08-24 as HHC 173d Infantry Brigade.
Second World War
During World War II, brigades were eliminated from divisions. Consequently, HHC 173d Infantry Brigade was designated as the 87th
Reconnaissance Troop in February 1942 and activated 1942-12-15. It entered combat in 1944 and fought in three European campaigns
(Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, and Central Europe). The maneuver battalions of the Vietnam era 173d trace their lineage to the 503d
Parachute Infantry Regiment which successfully assaulted the fortress island of Corrigador in the Philippines by parachute and
waterborne operations earning the nickname "The Rock". After the war, the troop reverted back to reserve status and was posted from
1947 through to 1951 at Birmingham, Alabama. On 1951-12-01 at Birmingham, Alabama, the 173d was inactivated and released from its
assignment to the 87th Infantry Division.
Vietnam War
On 1963-03-26, the 173d Airborne Brigade (Sep) was allotted to the Regular Army and activated on Okinawa. Brigadier General Ellis W.
Williamson took command of the unit, which was chartered to serve as the quick reaction force for the Pacific Command. Under
Williamson the unit trained extensively, making mass parachute jumps. They earned the nickname Tien Bien, or Sky Soldiers, from the
Nationalist Chinese paratroopers.
Deployed to Vietnam in May 1965, the brigade was the first major ground combat unit of the United States Army to serve there. The brigade
was the first to go into War Zone D to destroy enemy base camps and introduced the use of small Long Range Reconnaissance Patrols. On
November 8, 1965, the 173rd took part in Operation Hump. They were ambushed by approximately 1,200 Viet Cong, resulting in the deaths
of 48 men of the 173rd. Its Operation Junction City, which took place on 1967-02-22, was the only combat parachute jump of the Vietnam
conflict.
The unit fought in the Iron Triangle and blocked North Vietnamese Army incursions at Dak To during some of the bloodiest fighting of the
war in the summer and fall of 1967, which culminated in the capture of Hill 875. Elements of the brigade conducted an amphibious assault
against NVA and VC forces as part of an operation to clear the rice-growing lowlands along the Bong Song littoral.
The 1st and 2d Battalions, 503d Infantry were the first Army combat units from the 173d sent to the Republic of South Vietnam,
accompanied by the 3d Battalion, 319th Artillery. They were supported by the 173d Support Battalion, 173d Engineers, Troop E, 17th Cavalry
and Co D, 16th Armor. The 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment and the 161st Field Battery of the Royal New Zealand Artillery were later
attached to the brigade during the first year. Late in August 1966, the 173d received another infantry battalion, the 4/503d from Fort
Campbell, Kentucky. The 3/503d joined the brigade at Tuy Hoa in September 1967 following the former's reactivation and training at Fort
Bragg, North Carolina. The 173d was also assigned Co N, 75th Infantry (Ranger). At its peak in Vietnam, the 173d Airborne Brigade (Sep)
comprised nearly 3,000 soldiers. An interesting first hand account from the point of view of a Private in the 173rd Airborne at the time was
written by John Lepplemann and called 'Blood on the Risers'.
During more than six years of continuous combat, the brigade earned 14 campaign streamers and four unit citations. Sky Soldiers serving
in Vietnam received 13 Medals of Honor, 32 Distinguished Service Crosses, 1736 Silver Stars and over 6,000 Purple Hearts. There are over
1,790 Sky Soldiers' names on the wall at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. The brigade was deactivated on January 14,
1972 at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. Assets from the brigade were used to form the 3rd Brigade (Airborne), 101st Airborne Division
(Airmobile), a parachute component within the helicopter-landed 101st. The 3rd Brigade went off jump status on April 1, 1974, the same
date on which the Airmobile Badge (Air Assault as of October 4, 1974) was introduced.
Recent history
The 173rd Airborne Brigade was reactivated on 2000-06-12 at Caserma Ederle in Vicenza, Italy, where it now serves. It was previously
designated the SETAF Infantry brigade. On 2003-03-26, 954 soldiers of the 173d Airborne Brigade,commanded by COL William C. Mayville,
conducted a combat jump into Northern Iraq onto Bashur Airfield as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Comprised of the 2d Battalion
(Airborne), 503d Infantry under the command of then-LTC Dominic Caraccilo; 1st Battalion (Airborne), 508th Infantry under the command of
then-LTC Harry Tunnell; 173d Combat Support Company (Airborne); 74th Infantry Detachment (Long Range Surveillance); Delta Battery,
319th Airbone Field Artillery Regiment (later expanded to the 4th Battalion, 319th Airborne Field Artillery Regiment), and 501st Forward
Support Company (Airborne) (now the 173d Support Battalion (Airborne)); the brigade served mainly in Kirkuk until 2004-02-21.
The 173rd Airborne Brigade deployed to Afghanistan in March 2005 in support of Operation Enduring Freedom under the command of COL
Kevin Owens. TF Bayonet, as it was called, assumed control of Regional Command-South (RC South), comprising Zabol, Kandahar,
Helmand, and Nimruz Provinces. The 2nd Battalion, 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment ("The Rock") conducted combat operations in Zabol
Province under the command of LTC Mark Stammer. The 1st Battalion, 508th Parachute Infantry Regiment provided humanitarian
assistance in eastern Afghanistan while under the command of LTC Timothy McGuire. The 3-319th Artillery Battalion of the 82nd Airborne
Division, commanded by LTC Bert Ges, was attached to the 173rd Airborne Brigade, organized as a manuever Task Force and conducted
combat operations in Kandahar Province. The 173rd Support Battalion (under the command of LTC Cynthia Fox) and 173rd CSC provided
logistical support from Kandahar, while sending individual soldiers to assist at other FOBs. The Brigade returned to Italy in March 2006.
The 173rd Airborne Brigade has recently transitioned into a "Unit of Action." While the majority of the Brigade remains in Vicenza, Italy,
three battalions have been stood up in Bamberg and one battalion in Schweinfurt, Germany until additional facilities are constructed in the
Vicenza area; The 1st Battalion, 508th Infantry was reflagged as 1st Battalion, 503rd Airborne Infantry to resume the Vietnam-era lineage of
the 503rd Infantry battalions under the 173rd Airborne Brigade. The 1st Battalion, 508th Infantry colors were moved to Ft. Bragg, North
Carolina. Additionally the Brigade has taken on its new name which has changed from the 173rd Airborne Brigade to the 173rd Airborne
Brigade Combat Team. This is a significant new role as the "Combat Team" signifies the ability for the Brigade to deploy its forces and
sustain itself with its newly integrated support teams. By integration of these support MOSs the unit will now be able to maintain its fighting
forces with everything needed to keep the Soldiers on the ground supplied and moving.
In the spring of 2007, the 173rd deployed once again to Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF 07-09). This is their first
deployment as a fully transformed brigade combat team. They are currently operating in Nangarhar, Nuristan, Kunar, and Laghman
Provinces (N2KL) in eastern Afghanistan. The 173rd officially took over for the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division on June 6,
2007.
Copyright (c)
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version
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Military Artist
Mike Liu